The truth about Yeast Infections

Up to 75% of women will have at least one vaginal yeast infection during their life. However, many women treat themselves when they don't actually have one, according to a 2008 study from the Saint Louis University School of Medicine in the US. "When a woman feels itchy or 'burny', it could be bacterial vaginosis – which requires antibiotics – or simply irritation from a common irritant such as a scented bath gel," says Susan Hoffstetter, a women's-health nurse practitioner and faculty member at the university.

What should you do if you suspect you have a yeast infection? If you've never been diagnosed with one, are pregnant or have recurring vaginal irritation, visit your doctor. But if you've been diagnosed in the past and recognise the symptoms, it's fine to use an over-the-counter kit containing an antifungal agent, which comes as a suppository or cream in one-, three- and seven-day formulations. The active ingredient is either miconazole or clotrimazole.

"I usually recommend the three-day regimen," says pharmacist Shelley Woloshyn. "Women often don't use the seven-day kits for the entire time, which compromises the effectiveness."

Some women prefer a more convenient prescription medication such as Diflucan or Canesoral (fluconazole), a single-dose capsule taken orally. It isn't suitable for pregnant women. Check with your doctor before taking it if you have liver problems. The oral and vaginal treatments work equally well, according to a 2007 survey by the Ottawa Health Research Institute of 19 clinical trials. Talk to your doctor if you have diabetes (pre - disposing you to yeast infections caused by a yeast strain that does not respond to azole medications) or are not responding to treatments.

While eating yoghurt or taking probiotic supplements are also commonly advised, some experts aren't convinced. Says Dr Cherie LeFevre, an associate professor of women's health, "They haven't been definitively proven to have an impact." But, she says, they certainly can't hurt.

Signs of infection

Symptoms include burning, redness and swelling, pain during urination or sex, and a thick, white, odourless discharge. The infection is caused by an overgrowth of vaginal yeast (typically Candida albicans), which occurs when the pH balance of the vagina changes – often due to shifting hormones (from pregnancy, birth control pills or an oncoming period) or antibiotics.

Prevention advice

Maintain a healthy vulva and vaginal environment, advises LeFevre. Limit the chemicals that come in to contact with your vagina; consider skipping scented feminine hygiene products, soaps and shower products, and using laundry detergent without fragrance. Don't douche. To allow your vagina to "breathe", wear cotton undies, and don't use a panty liner if you're not menstruating. Cancel your Brazilian wax, too. "Hair is good!" LeFevre says. "It's a protective barrier for the skin and keeps it healthy."